CONVEX
Methodology 01

Proprietary Intelligence Indices

Four composite indicators computed from 150+ live data sources. Each synthesizes multiple independent signal channels into a single actionable reading. Together, they form the foundation of Convex’s macro intelligence framework.

CVRP — Convex Recession Probability Index

Single 0–100 composite leading indicator

The CVRP synthesizes five independent recession signal channels into a single reading. Each channel is scored 0–20 based on how strongly it signals recessionary conditions. The composite is normalised to account for missing components — if only 4 of 5 channels have data, the index scales accordingly and flags reduced confidence.

The design philosophy is multi-channel triangulation: no single data point can push the index to extreme levels. A reading above 60 requires at least 3 of 5 channels to be signalling simultaneously.

ChannelSourceWeight
Yield Curve Inversion DepthT10Y2Y, T10Y3M0–20 points
Sahm Rule ProximitySAHMREALTIME0–20 points
Initial Claims MomentumIC4WSA (4-week moving average)0–20 points
High-Yield Credit Spread Z-ScoreBAMLH0A0HYM20–20 points
Leading Economic IndexUSSLIND (discontinued Feb 2020)0–20 points
Yield Curve Inversion Depth

Uses the worse spread between 10-year minus 2-year and 10-year minus 3-month Treasuries. When either curve inverts (spread goes negative), the score escalates proportionally. Yield curve inversion has preceded every US recession since 1970, typically by 12–18 months.

Sahm Rule Proximity

Tracks acceleration in the unemployment rate versus the 0.50 percentage point threshold established by economist Claudia Sahm. A 100% accuracy rate identifying US recessions since the 1950s. Captures labour market deterioration that is already underway, not forecast.

Initial Claims Momentum

3-month percentage change in the 4-week moving average of initial unemployment claims. The highest-frequency labour indicator available (weekly). Leads non-farm payroll data by 2–3 months, making it an early warning for labour market deterioration.

High-Yield Credit Spread Z-Score

Z-score of ICE BofA high-yield option-adjusted spread versus its own 1-year rolling history — not absolute levels. This avoids secular compression bias: a spread of 400bps means something different in 2024 than in 2008. Captures the market's real-time pricing of default risk.

Leading Economic Index

Conference Board LEI aggregated 10 leading indicators. Discontinued in February 2020 — the index now operates on 4 components. When fewer than 3 components are available, the index flags reduced confidence.

Normalisation Formula

CVRP = (sum of component scores) / (available_components × 20) × 100

Requires at least 3 of 5 components to compute. When fewer are available, the index is marked as low-confidence. This prevents a single extreme reading from dominating.

Interpretation Thresholds
0–20
Low
Expansion intact
20–40
Moderate
Isolated signals
40–60
Elevated
2–3 channels warning
60–80
High
Most indicators red
80–100
Critical
Near-certain recession

CNLI — Convex Net Liquidity Index

Actual market liquidity after accounting for critical drains

The Federal Reserve’s balance sheet is often cited as a proxy for market liquidity, but this is misleading. Two large drains — the Reverse Repo Facility (RRP) and the Treasury General Account (TGA) — can absorb hundreds of billions of dollars that never reach financial markets. The CNLI strips these out to reveal actual market liquidity.

This distinction matters enormously. During 2022–2023 QT, the headline balance sheet was shrinking, yet CNLI actually increased because the RRP was draining faster than the Fed was tightening. This explains the paradoxical 2023 equity rally during an ostensible tightening cycle.

Formula

CNLI = WALCL − RRPONTSYD − WTREGEN

WALCL — Federal Reserve Total Assets (weekly, balance sheet)

RRPONTSYD — Overnight Reverse Repurchase Agreements (daily). Cash parked by money market funds earning risk-free rate, removed from the financial system.

WTREGEN — Treasury General Account (weekly). When Treasury builds its cash balance, it drains liquidity from the banking system.

Interpretation Thresholds
Above $5.5T
Elevated
Risk-asset tailwinds, multiple expansion likely. QE-era liquidity conditions.
$3.5T – $5.5T
Moderate
Neutral liquidity. Markets driven by fundamentals more than flow.
Below $3.5T
Low
Structural liquidity headwind. Tight conditions punish duration and risk.

CRAI — Convex Risk Appetite Index

Cross-asset real-time risk appetite from 5 independent price ratios

The VIX measures equity option demand — one dimension of risk sentiment. The CRAI spans five independent cross-asset price ratios, each capturing a different facet of risk appetite: equity size preference, credit quality preference, consumer spending behaviour, global risk distribution, and banking sector health.

Each ratio is converted to a 60-day rolling z-score, then mapped to a 0–20 point scale. A z-score of −2 maps to 0 points (extreme aversion), +2 maps to 20 points (extreme appetite). The composite sum is normalised to 0–100.

SignalRatioWhat It Captures
Small Cap / Large CapIWM / SPYSmall-cap equities carry higher economic sensitivity, less analyst coverage, and weaker balance sheets. When IWM outperforms SPY, markets are expressing confidence in growth continuation and risk-taking.
High Yield / Investment GradeHYG / LQDDirect credit market risk appetite signal. Investors actively choosing risky corporate debt over investment-grade bonds indicates willingness to accept default risk for higher yield.
Consumer Discretionary / StaplesXLY / XLPConsumer spending patterns: discretionary outperformance signals spending confidence and economic optimism. Staples outperformance signals defensive positioning.
Emerging Markets / DevelopedEEM / EFAGlobal risk appetite. Emerging markets carry currency risk, political risk, and higher economic beta. EM outperformance signals that investors are reaching for growth globally.
Regional Banks / Broad MarketKRE / SPYRegional bank equities are sensitive to the yield curve shape, commercial real estate exposure, and the lending cycle. KRE outperformance signals confidence in credit creation and domestic economic activity.
Z-Score Mapping

points = clamp((z_score + 2) / 4 × 20, 0, 20)

Each ratio is independently z-scored against its own 60-day rolling mean and standard deviation. This means the CRAI adapts to the current volatility regime — a move that would be extreme in a calm period registers as normal during a crisis.

Interpretation Thresholds
0–20
Very Low
Extreme aversion — contrarian buy signal
20–40
Below Avg
Defensive positioning
40–60
Neutral
Balanced market
60–80
Elevated
Risk-on positioning
80–100
Very High
Complacency risk

NVI — Narrative Velocity Index

Real-time information environment acceleration from 46 editorial sources

The NVI measures how fast the macro narrative is changing — not what the narrative is, but how quickly it is accelerating. It leads sentiment surveys and positioning data because narrative shifts precede opinion shifts, which precede position changes.

The index draws from 46 editorially diverse RSS sources spanning 7 categories: establishment (Bloomberg, FT, Reuters), contrarian outlets, wire services (AP, AFP), government communications (Fed, Treasury, ECB, BoE), academic/think tank publications, crypto-native media, and neutral sources. This diversity is the key — consensus across normally-opposed sources is a structural signal, not noise.

The NVI uses zero additional AI API calls. Term extraction uses curated regex dictionaries. Sentiment piggybacks on existing Claude evaluation calls. This makes the index extremely cost-efficient to compute every 30 minutes.

40%

Term Frequency Acceleration

Tracks ~80 curated financial terms across 46 sources using a 7-day rolling window. Measures which narratives are gaining traction — for example, a spike in "rate cut" mentions often precedes actual policy shifts by weeks. Acceleration (rate of change of frequency) matters more than absolute mentions.

35%

Sentiment Divergence

Measures convergence or divergence of bullish/bearish sentiment across 7 editorial categories. When normally-opposed sources (contrarian vs. establishment) converge on the same outlook, it signals genuine structural consensus. Divergence signals high uncertainty and whipsaw risk.

25%

Source Primacy Shift

Tracks the rate of change in which sources are breaking stories first. When wire services (AP, Reuters, AFP) dominate, it indicates a fast-moving news environment — "sprint mode" for macro surprises. Distributed news indicates a quieter period.

Composite Formula

NVI = (Term Acceleration × 0.40) + (Sentiment Divergence × 0.35) + (Source Primacy × 0.25)

Updates every 30 minutes. Requires a 14-day warm-up period for reliable readings. During the warm-up, values are flagged as preliminary.

Convergence Signals
Converged Bullish
All editorial categories agree on a positive outlook. Structural consensus — not just noise.
Converged Bearish
All editorial categories agree on a negative outlook. When contrarians and establishment align, take notice.
Diverged
Editorial categories split. Uncertainty, conflicting information, whipsaw risk. Markets have not decided.

Cross-Index Playbook

How the four indices interact to classify market regimes

Individual index readings are informative, but the real value emerges from their interaction. The Cross-Index Playbook combines all four live readings into a regime classification with specific trading implications. This runs automatically on every indicator page.

Risk-Off Confirmed

CVRP ≥ 60 + CRAI < 40 + NVI ≥ 60 + Converged Bearish

Highest conviction risk-off environment. Recession signals, defensive positioning, narrative acceleration, and editorial consensus all aligned. Reduce equities, favour Treasuries and cash.

Complacency

CVRP < 30 + CRAI ≥ 70 + NVI < 40

Low risk, high appetite, quiet narrative. Builds vulnerability to negative surprises. Historically the setup that precedes sharp corrections — positions are one-sided with no hedging demand.

Divergent: Risk Ignored

CVRP ≥ 50 + CRAI ≥ 60

Recession signals flashing but investors remain aggressive. Most dangerous configuration: the gap between fundamentals and positioning must eventually resolve, often through forced selling.

Risk-On Expansion

CVRP < 35 + CRAI ≥ 50 + CNLI > $4.5T

Fundamentals, positioning, and liquidity all aligned bullish. Stay invested, focus on bottom-up selection. Watch for early deterioration in any signal.

Recession Risk With Liquidity Support

CVRP ≥ 50 + CNLI > $5.5T

Fundamentals deteriorating but Fed still pumping liquidity. The classic "climbing the wall of worry" setup. Lean toward quality over junk within risk exposure.

Liquidity Headwind

CNLI < $4.0T

Quantitative tightening or RRP absorption creating structural headwind. Punishes liquidity-sensitive assets: growth equities, crypto, small caps. Duration becomes a drag.